In MDS, the SETBP1 mutation rate is about 2-3%, frequently accompanied by concurrent mutations in other targets such as ASXL1, EZH2 and SRSF2 [60, 64], and might be associated with distinct cytogenetic aberrations involving chromosomes 7 (-7/del(7q)) and 17 (i(17)(q10)) [2, 58, 84, 89, 97–99]. This evidence concerns the gene ASXL1 and myelodysplastic syndrome.