TNF and neoplasm: Tumor-specific cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF, as well as Th17-related cytokines like IL-17A, IL-21 or IL-23, are highly upregulated in the intestinal tumor microenvironment of human and experimental mouse models and play important roles in pro-inflammatory responses which contributes to formation of a tumor-supportive microenvironment and enhances inflammation-related tumor progression [7, 31].