SPOP and neoplasm: Fig 4 shows that enrichment of STK4 in all three subcellular compartments selectively regulated the expression of putative oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Many of these genes are directly linked to the AR pathway (e.g. FOXA1, SPOP, NCOR1/2, and ZBTB16), the DNA repair mechanism (e.g. MLH1 and MSH2), a member of the EST factors (e.g. ERG, ETV1/4/5, and FLH1), and cycle regulators (e.g. CDKN1A and CDKN2B). These genes and pathways are suggested to play a critical role in PC biology including metastatic CRPC [45, 46].