Roles of NF-κB in inflammatory signaling and AMD pathogenesis have been well established.32, 33, 34 Activation of the NF-κB pathway has been previously suggested to stimulate pigmentation of cultured primary hRPE cells.35 In this study, NF-κB is recognized as a potential upstream transcript factor for ZNF503-AS1, which may participate in promoting RPE differentiation by regulating the expression of ZNF503-AS1. This evidence concerns the gene ZNF503 and age-related macular degeneration.