In addition, previously established mathematical models derived from primary hepatocytes were used for quantitative testing of HCC cell line kinetics (Pinna et al., 2012; Beuke et al., 2017) Model predictions were compared to measurements of IκBα, phospho-IκBα, phospho-p65, and IκBα mRNA after TNF stimulation in Hepa1-6 cells. Here, TNF is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.