Furthermore, the circulating ECHS1 protein levels of untreated type 2 diabetes patients and healthy individuals who were between 40 and 68 years of age and with fasting blood glucose levels between 4 and 10 mM, were inversely correlated to their blood glucose levels (Fig. 1f, Supplementary Fig. 2), confirming that ECHS1 levels are controlled by nutrient levels in vivo. The gene discussed is ECHS1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.