The pathologic link between ECHS1, AcK101 acetylation, mTORC1 activation, and apoptotic resistance was supported by the significantly lower ECHS1 levels in cancer tissues and by IHC analyses with AcK101 antibody staining that resulted in similar signals between tumor and adjacent normal tissues (Supplementary Fig. 15), suggesting that ECHS1 is hyperacetylated in tumor tissues. This evidence concerns the gene ECHS1 and neoplasm.