eIF4E phosphorylation is a general, long-lasting feedback response of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells to therapeutic treatments; inhibition of eIF4E phosphorylation enhances the cytostatic effect of therapeutic drugs, as demonstrated that MNK2 was required for resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells to gemcitabine through the MNK/eIF4E pathway30. Here, ATP7A is linked to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.