Although TNFα and IFNγ both increased PD-L1 expression (4202 ± 2500 and 4724 ± 4155, respectively, Fig. 3E and F), it was only the combination TNFα/IFNγ (25818 ± 14131, p < 0.0001) that resulted in a significant increase in PD-L1 expression in tumor-derived Lin-EpCAM-CD73+CD90+ cells. Here, EPCAM is linked to neoplasm.