Advanced melanomas often show dismal outcomes [7,8], although immune checkpoint modulators such as anti-programmed death receptor-1 antibodies and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 antibodies as well as molecular-targeted agents such as BRAF inhibitors and MEK inhibitors have been reported to improve the prognosis of patients with advanced melanoma to some degree [9]. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is melanoma.