IRF3 and infection: RIG-I (encoded by the DDX58 gene), a pattern recognition receptor for viral RNA, and MAVS, which mediates the activation of NFKB and IRF3 in response to viral infection [61], both key molecules in the cellular innate immune response, are activated to a lesser extent by NH1067B and other “low inducers” as compared to NH1125B and other “high inducers” at early times post infection (Fig 6C).