In agreement with its role in metabolic checkpoints and metabolic reprogramming, MPA modifies the activities of the Myc and HIF-1α signalling pathways in endothelial cells23, affects the proliferation of gastric cancer cells in a PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway-dependent manner24, and promotes T cell anergy and metabolic reprogramming in the CD4+ T cells via suppression of the Akt/mTOR and STAT5 pathways25, 26. This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and gastric cancer.