In esophageal cancer cells, irradiation induces the EMT phenotype accompanied by increased migration, invasion, and radioresistance through the induction of SNAIL (Snail family transcriptional repressor 1), TWIST (Twist family bHLH transcription factor 1), IL-6 (interleukin-6) and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) signals [42,43]. Here, STAT3 is linked to esophageal cancer.