TNF and tuberculosis: Particularly, the proportion of TNF-α+IFN-γ+IL-2+ cells was higher in TBP with high pulmonary destruction compared to TBP without destruction (p = 0.01); the numbers of TNF-α−IFN-γ+IL-2+ CD4+ cells were higher in TBP without bacteria excretion compared to TBP with high level bacteria excretion (p = 0.01); the proportion of TNF-α−IFN-γ+IL-2− cells was lower in patients with tuberculoma compared to TBP with TB infiltrate (p = 0.007) and cavitary/disseminated TB (p = 0.03, Figure 4).