A previous transcriptomics study of infection of the gregarious locust infected by M. acridum revealed differential expression of a number of immune-related genes, including pattern recognition proteins (PRPs, e.g. glucan recognition proteins, GNBPs), serine protease inhibitors (serpins), and anitoxidants (e.g. peroxiredoxin) rather than the production of antimicrobial compounds (e.g. production of antimicrobial peptides, AMPs) as seen during the solitary phases28. This evidence concerns the gene MSMB and infection.