IRF9 and viral infectious disease: HCV mono-infected patients were able to upregulate only TYK2 and IRF7 in response to the virus infection (Fig. 2c and h, p = 0.007 and 0.01; respectively), while CMV mon-infected patients showed only upregulation of IRF9 and IRF7 (Fig. 2e and h, p = 0.04 and 0.05; respectively).