PMAIP1 and cancer: This is in line with several studies which already identified correlations between FOXO3 and drug-resistance in different cancer types.17, 18, 19, 43, 44 Detailed analyses of target-gene-regulation after FOXO3-activation by etoposide or direct activation of the FOXO3(A3)ERtm-protein uncovered that BIM is not induced in resistant cell lines, whereas NOXA was induced in both, FOXO3-resistant and -sensitive cell types (Figures 2, 3b and 4f).