The estimated activity of SCD1 decreased in CE in response to obesity surgery (P=3 × 10−8, Supplementary Table 3) and decrease in the activity of SCD1 was associated with higher weight loss (r=−0.312 in TG, r=−0.454 in CE and r=−0.369 in PL, all P<0.002) The activity of DNL decreased in response to obesity surgery (P=7 × 10−5, Table 2). Here, SCD is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.