IL1B and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: In the context of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), TGF-β activation via αvβ8 is known to enhance interleukin (IL)-1β-dependent fibroblast expression of the ccr6 chemokine ligand ccl20, suggesting that αvβ8, ccl20, and ccr6 interaction leads to the accumulation of dendritic cells (DC) around airways [148].