These reports, nevertheless,evaluated TNF or its receptors at the protein levelby ELISA, immunohistochemical and Westernblotting techniques, while in our study, expressionwas evaluated at the transcript level by RTqPCR.It has been shown that post-transcriptionaland post-translational factors affecting activity ofTNF at both gene and protein levels react to differentpathways in varicocele. Here, TNF is linked to varicocele.