Indeed, in the in vitro study, anti-TNFα (adalimumab) treatment showed increased staining for Auramine-O, decreased Nile red staining and decreased rifampicin resistance, indicative of mycobacterial reactivation.38 Combined treatment with anti-TNFα antibodies and isoniazid and/or rifampicin may actually provide an opportunity to improve anti-TB therapy.59 Here, TNF is linked to tuberculosis.