Following this discovery, the mechanisms of various immune cell responses involved in cancer recognition and elimination; including Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3+) regulatory T cells (T-regs)[4–5], antigen-presenting cells (APCs)[6–7] myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)[8] and effector T cell subsets[9–13] have been elucidated. The gene discussed is FOXP3; the disease is cancer.