SERPINE1 and rheumatoid arthritis: An observational, prospective, monocenter study examined the effect of 21 days of oral supplementation of aqueous RE (containing 77.7 mg RE with 0.97 mg COH, 8.60 mg CA, and 10.30 mg RA) in twelve healthy young volunteers found a significant decrease in plasminogen activator-inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels suggesting that RE may have anti-inflammatory and anti-blood clotting activity in vivo [74].