However, Wise and coworkers [202] did not observe an effect on Nrf2 and inflammatory markers by a four week supplementation of both, 25 and 150 μM SFN/day in alveolar macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells of COPD patients relative to baseline levels and compared to the placebo group. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.