As indicated above, we observed that butyrate-treated mice challenged with C. rodentium showed differing increases in gene expression of cytokines involved in the clearance of infection (Il17A, Tnfα), the reduction of mucosal inflammation (Tgfβ, Il10), and the improvement of host barrier function (Muc2, Relmβ, Tff3). This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and infection.