Overall, the results of the present study are in line with the outcomes of the CheckMate-057 study and demonstrate that nivolumab is associated with clinical efficacy and manageable tolerability in Japanese patients with advanced/recurrent non-squamous NSCLC and patients with PD-L1-positive, current or former smokers, and patients with EGFR mutation wild type/unknown can experience greater benefit with nivolumab. Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.