Second, as high titer neutralizing anti-IFNα and anti-IFNω autoantibodies are present in AIRE-deficient thymoma and in recently described RAG-hypomorphic patients who lack AIRE expression (58), this strongly suggests the impairment of AIRE-dependent thymic tolerance in the development of anti-cytokine antibodies in humans. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and thymoma.