In EBOV-infected patients, fatal infection was associated with high levels of IL-10 and IL-1RA, modest levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and non-detectable levels of IL-1β, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β, while survivors were characterized by high levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in plasma (Baize et al., 2002; Wauquier et al., 2010). Here, TNF is linked to infection.