Each of the phylogroups Smc1 to Smc4 currently holds ecologically coherent groups of strains: Smc1 and Smc2 contain exclusively Mexican river isolates recovered in this study, Smc3 groups cystic fibrosis isolates and Smc4 predominately rhizosphere isolates from diverse plants and parts of the world. This evidence concerns the gene SMC1A and cystic fibrosis.