MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, Kim-1 and Lcn-2 mRNA expression were all significantly up-regulated in AKI and CO + AKI groups compared with the control group (p < 0.01) and rats in these two groups displayed a similar levels of expression for all the markers tested (Fig. 5b). The gene discussed is HAVCR1; the disease is acute kidney injury.