As a proto-oncogene, ATF3 expression is elevated in human breast cancer (Yin et al. 2008), malignant human prostate cancer (Pelzer et al. 2006), malignant Hodgkin's lymphoma (Janz et al. 2006), and squamous cell carcinoma (Wu et al. 2010). The gene discussed is ATF3; the disease is breast cancer.