There were no differences between the groups on blood pressure, blood levels of N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), mental or physical HRQoL, subjective health status, anxiety and depressive symptoms, perceived stress, perceived social support, and adverse events (all-cause mortality, heart failure, symptomatic arrhythmia, cardiac surgery, or percutaneous cardiac intervention). The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is cardiac arrhythmia.