CXCL13 and viral meningitis: Such a sporadic elevation of CXCL13 in the CSF of patients with viral meningitis (VZV, enterovirus, TBEV, herpes simplex virus) had already been observed in previous studies [19, 20, 23, 25, 26] and probably reflects a rare transient induction of CXCL13 in the virally infected CNS.