CUX1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: As eluded to above, while there is an association between mTOR and phenylalanine in fasting states, FTO obesity-risk SNPs are reported to affect AKT expression of interacting protein (AKTIP) in an allele-dosage manner by altering the binding site of the transcription factor Cut Like Homeobox 1 (CUX1) [62].