Furthermore, we determined the gastric mucosal expression of pro-inflammatory markers HIF-1α and caudal type homeobox 2 (Cdx-2), both of which are also recognized as tumour markers [25, 26], and the expression of antioxidant enzymes HO-1 and SOD 2 [27, 28] in gastric mucosa exposed to ethanol with or without pretreatment with curcumin. This evidence concerns the gene CDX2 and neoplasm.