In this regard, we demonstrate here that unlike in breast cancer, where TGFβ cooperates with ITGB3-specific ECM proteins, TGFβ preferentially cooperates with ITGA1-specific collagens in PDAC to promote EMT (Fig. 5 and Supplemental Figs 4 and 5), therapy resistance (Fig. 5) and metastasis (Fig. 6). Here, ITGA1 is linked to breast carcinoma.