NFE2L2 and Parkinson disease: Additionally, other studies have found that baicalein attenuated astroglial activation in the MPTP-induced PD model by repressing the activation of nuclear factor-κB, extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERK)1/2, and jun-amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and protected neurons against 6-OHDA-induced toxicity through activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF-2)/hemo oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signalling pathways19, 20.