INS and pulmonary arterial hypertension: In both RYGB groups, the serum insulin returned to baseline at 120 min whilst the Obese-No RYGB group’s serum insulin was more persistently elevated at 120 min (insulin120:7.8 ± 1.1 (asymptomatic RYGB) vs 13.0 ± 4.2 (symptomatic PPH group) vs 38.1 ± 8.9 U/L (Obese-No RYGB) – P = NS for comparisons between groups).