Indeed, several recent studies indicate an important role for cis-regulatory mutations in disease, not only in cancer (e.g., TERT, TAL1 [3–5, 61]), but also in complex diseases (e.g., type II diabetes FTO locus [62], Parkinson’s disease [63]) and in familial disorders (e.g., preaxial polydactyly [64]). Here, FTO is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.