ELISA analyses revealed that CSF3, IL-1β, and IL-6 proteins were induced by EV71 or R848 (a TLR7 agonist) as a stimulus control [24], but not by mock-infection or UV-inactivated EV71, in THP-1, macrophages, and human PBMCs (Fig 1D–1F). The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is infection.