In the group of all ESCC patients in the training cohort, the mean OD ± SD of STIP1 autoantibodies was 0.182 ± 0.150 and was 0.161 ± 0.105 and 0.102 ± 0.056 in the early-stage patient group and normal control group, respectively. Here, STIP1 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.