To evaluate cross-reactivity, several proteins known to be upregulated in HCC were selected, including alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carcino embryonic antigen19-9 (CA19-9), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis C virus–core antigen (HCV-cAg). This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.