Serum GPC3 level was significantly higher in HCC (7.30 ± 11.42 ng/mL) than in healthy control (0.45 ± 1.20 ng/mL, P < 0.001), hepatitis C (0.16 ± 0.27 ng/mL, P < 0.001), hepatitis B (0.30 ± 0.47 ng/mL, P < 0.001), liver cirrhosis (0.28 ± 0.57 ng/mL, P < 0.001) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (0.07 ± 0.19 ng/mL, P < 0.001). The gene discussed is GPC3; the disease is hepatitis C virus infection.