These in vivo, animal studies also support a role for T2D/IR in promoting Aβ build up in the brain, where availability of Aβ degrading enzymes such as the insulin degrading enzyme is reduced, inflammatory and oxidative processes promoting Aβ accumulation and formation of toxic oligomers further exacerbating synaptic degeneration (see review ref. 13). This evidence concerns the gene IDE and type 2 diabetes mellitus.