IL4 and diabetes mellitus: When cytokine levels were measured 14 weeks after diabetes induction, a clear shift toward a Th1 pattern was present, characterized by higher IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion (Fig. 7, panels b and d, respectively, p < 0.001) and lower IL-4 (panels f, p < 0.05) and IL-10 levels (panel h, p < 0.01).