Several IEC signature TFs have known associations with human Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), including SMAD7 [39], CEBPG [40], STAT3 [40–42], XBP1 [43], HNF4A [44], ELF3 [41], IRF1 [45], and NFκB components IKBKB, IKBKG, and NFKBIZ [46]. Here, IRF1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.