Similar to the results of cytokines’ levels, we found that lung CD3+CD4+IFN-γ+, and CD3+CD4+IL-10+ T cells as well as CD11c+SiglecF+IFN-β+ macrophages were significantly increased before and after the infection with S. pneumoniae in HK1505- or PG1505-treated mice when compared to control animals (Figure 6B). Here, IFNB1 is linked to infection.