TNF and infection: Interestingly, Becares et al. found that rTGEV-zinc finger 1 (ZF-C) (a recombinant TGEV engineered mutation within ZF-C domain of nsp14) infection resulted in the significant inhibition of antiviral responses at different stages compared with rTGEV-WT infection, including the expression of IFN-β, tumor necrosis factor, and ISGs (25).