Previous gene expression studies from our laboratory (Paco et al., 2013) showed that several adipokines were over-expressed in UCMD muscle relative to control muscle, in particular, the genes encoding for adiponectin (9.6-fold change), leptin (5.1-fold change), and RBP4 (19.6-fold change) which were amongst the most over-expressed genes. This evidence concerns the gene LEP and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy.