NFKB1 and Hyperglycemia: Brownlee et al. [40] demonstrated that the process of superoxide overproduction induced by hyperglycaemia in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain, which was an upstream and central event in four main damage pathways of diabetic complications involving increased polyol pathway flux, increased intracellular formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), activated protein kinase C (PKC) and nuclear factor kB (NF-kB), and increased flux through the hexosamine pathway.