INS and inflammatory response: Coffee consumption has been inversely associated in several studies to metabolic syndrome [65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74], which has been related to liver fat accumulation and liver impairment due to common pathogenic determinants, such as insulin resistance and oxidative stress; impaired metabolism may induce progressive liver damage, liver inflammation and fibrosis, which ultimately may lead to carcinogenic transformation [75].