Downregulation of APE1 expression or suppression of its endonuclease activity could modulate vulnerability toward assorted types of cancer or cardiovascular diseases [53,54,55], as well as neurological disorders, including AD [55,56,57,58,59], PD [60], HD [61], ALS [62], traumatic brain injury [63], and cerebral ischemia [64]. Here, APEX1 is linked to brain ischemia.